If your computer spits out error code "0x80244022" while trying to update Windows Defender, try deleting your temporary internet files to resolve it. This, of course, only applies to Windows Vista.
Click Start and enter "%WinDir%\WindowsUpdate.log" into the Search bar. Open the located file (there should only be 1 found). Skip to the bottom and scan the text backwards until you find a cluster of "WARNING:" messages occuring about the same time the update was last attempted. The first of these will likely indicate what caused the problem.
If you get lost trying to find the cluster of "WARNING:" messages, just attempt to update Windows Defender again. The messages should then be on the last one or two pages.
Deleting the temporary internet files effectively resolved my problem by removing an expired cookie. For some reason (probably poor coding), part of the Windows Update process could not or would not deal with the expired cookie. Security precaution, maybe? Why would an update use a cookie, anyway?
No thanks go to Microsoft, who wanted to charge me $59 for this simple solution.
Here is the relevant information shown by my log, starting with the first warning message:
| 2008-07-01 | 10:30:59:239 | 1116 | 308 | PT | WARNING: Cached cookie has expired or new PID is available |
| 2008-07-01 | 10:30:59:239 | 1116 | 308 | PT | WARNING: PTWarn: Anonymous plug-in skipped for WU |
| 2008-07-01 | 10:30:59:972 | 1116 | 308 | PT | WARNING: GetCookie failure, error = 0x80244022, soap client error = 10, soap error code = 0, HTTP status code = 503 |
| 2008-07-01 | 10:30:59:972 | 1116 | 308 | PT | WARNING: PTError: 0x80244022 |
| 2008-07-01 | 10:30:59:972 | 1116 | 308 | PT | WARNING: GetCookie_WithRecovery failed : 0x80244022 |
| 2008-07-01 | 10:30:59:987 | 1116 | 308 | PT | WARNING: RefreshCookie failed: 0x80244022 |
| 2008-07-01 | 10:30:59:987 | 1116 | 308 | PT | WARNING: RefreshPTState failed: 0x80244022 |
| 2008-07-01 | 10:30:59:987 | 1116 | 308 | PT | WARNING: Sync of Updates: 0x80244022 |
| 2008-07-01 | 10:30:59:987 | 1116 | 308 | PT | WARNING: SyncServerUpdatesInternal failed: 0x80244022 |
| 2008-07-01 | 10:30:59:987 | 1116 | 308 | Agent | * WARNING: Failed to synchronize, error = 0x80244022 |
| 2008-07-01 | 10:30:59:987 | 1116 | 308 | Agent | * WARNING: Exit code = 0x80244022 |
| 2008-07-01 | 10:30:59:987 | 1116 | 308 | Agent | ********* |
| 2008-07-01 | 10:30:59:987 | 1116 | 308 | Agent | ** END ** Agent: Finding updates [CallerId = Windows Defender] |
| 2008-07-01 | 10:30:59:987 | 1116 | 308 | Agent | ************* |
| 2008-07-01 | 10:30:59:987 | 1116 | 308 | Agent | WARNING: WU client failed Searching for update with error 0x80244022 |
| 2008-07-01 | 10:30:59:987 | 3204 | 534 | COMAPI | >>-- RESUMED -- COMAPI: Search [ClientId = Windows Defender] |
| 2008-07-01 | 10:30:59:987 | 3204 | 534 | COMAPI | - Updates found = 0 |
| 2008-07-01 | 10:30:59:987 | 3204 | 534 | COMAPI | - WARNING: Exit code = 0x00000000, Result code = 0x80244022 |
| 2008-07-01 | 10:30:59:987 | 3204 | 534 | COMAPI | --------- |
| 2008-07-01 | 10:30:59:987 | 3204 | 534 | COMAPI | -- END -- COMAPI: Search [ClientId = Windows Defender] |
| 2008-07-01 | 10:30:59:987 | 3204 | 534 | COMAPI | ------------- |
| 2008-07-01 | 10:30:59:987 | 3204 | 8d4 | COMAPI | WARNING: Operation failed due to earlier error, hr=80244022 |
| 2008-07-01 | 10:30:59:987 | 3204 | 8d4 | COMAPI | FATAL: Unable to complete asynchronous search. (hr=80244022) |
| 2008-07-01 | 10:31:05:011 | 1116 | 308 | Report |
REPORT EVENT: {536AAD76-B144-48AE-AC12-E7809A3A2296} 2008-07-01 10:30:59:987-0400 1 148 101 {00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000} 0 80244022 Windows Defender Failure Software Synchronization Windows Update Client failed to detect with error 0x80244022. |